Hematology is the study of the blood and blood disorders in the body. A hematologist is a physician who has expertise in diseases of the blood and bone marrow, and treats vascular and clotting problems. The hematologist also treats blood disorders such as hemophilia, leukemia, lymphoma, anemia and sickle cell disease.

Physicians in this specialty treat patients suffering from numerous diseases and illnesses, but some of the most common are Malaria, lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Myelomas, Evans' syndrome, AIDS, Leukemia, hemophilia, Thrombocytopenia, Sickle-cell disease, Myeloma, Pernicious anemia, Hodgkin's disease, Thalassemia, Myelofibrosis, Infectious mononucleosis, Agranulocytosis, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Megaloblastic anemia, and Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Once properly diagnosed, practitioners can perform numerous procedures on patients including Chemotherapy, Bone marrow transplant, blood transfusion, radiotherapy, Intramuscular injections, Anticoagulation therapy, and Venesection.

To diagnose patients with possible illnesses and diseases, specialists will often perform one of many tests including Coombs test, D-dimer, Prothrombin time, Bone marrow biopsy, Protein electrophoresis, serum Ferritin level, Partial thromboplastin time, Vitamin B12 and Folate levels, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Blood film, Full blood count, and Hemoglobin electrophoresis.

Doctor density varies by specialty and location. Arizona has 166 practicing hematologists. Broken out by city, hematology doctor density in Avondale is 2, in Bullhead City is 6, in Casa Grande is 2, in Chandler is 13, in Douglas is 1, in Flagstaff is 2, in Gilbert is 4, in Glendale is 9, in Globe is 1, in Goodyear is 5, in Green Valley is 5, in Kingman is 3, in Lakeside is 2, in Mesa is 26, in Nogales is 1, in Oro Valley is 3, in Paradise Valley is 1, in Payson is 2, in Peoria is 4, in Phoenix is 47, in Prescott is 1, in Prescott Valley is 4, in Safford is 1, in Scottsdale is 38, in Sedona is 3, in Sierra Vista is 4, in Sun City is 7, in Sun City West is 9, in Surprise is 2, in Tempe is 6, in Tucson is 46, and in Yuma is 3.

Arizona has many famous tourist attractions and parks, including the Hoover Dam and Lake Mead, which was created when the dam was built. The Grand Canyon draws millions of visitors each year, and Phoenix, Scottsdale, Flagstaff each draw their own sun-seeking winter vacationers. Visit the world-famous O.K. Corral in Tombstone. Arizona’s population is 5,939,292, and Phoenix, the capital city, is home to a majority of those people. Entertainers Linda Ronstadt, Stevie Nicks, and Tanya Tucker were born here, along with architect Frank Lloyd Wright and former Supreme Court justice Sandra Day O’Connor.

According to 2005 Census estimates, Arizona has a population of 5,939,292. Of this population, 1,535,805 are under the age of 18 and 754,345 are at or above the age of 65.