Neonatal-perinatal medicine deals with the diseases and disorders of the newborn. Perinatal refers to the time just before and just after birth, while neonatal refers to the time after the baby is born. A neonatal-perinatal physician has special training, knowledge and skills to treat illness and premature birth of infants. The neonatal or perinatal physician specialist may be a pediatrician, and may consult with an obstetrician to help with a patient who has a higher-than-normal risk for pregnancy complications. The neonatal physician’s level of expertise is in patient care and improving the health of newborns.

Doctor density varies by specialty and location. The United States has 5,301 practicing neonatal-perinatal medicine doctors. Broken out by state, neonatal-perinatal medicine doctor density in Alabama is 53, in Alaska is 10, in Arizona is 83, in Arkansas is 29, in California is 696, in Colorado is 72, in Connecticut is 71, in Delaware is 26, in District of Columbia is 75, in Florida is 337, in Georgia is 139, in Hawaii is 28, in Idaho is 17, in Illinois is 300, in Indiana is 127, in Iowa is 57, in Kansas is 45, in Kentucky is 72, in Louisiana is 75, in Maine is 22, in Maryland is 125, in Massachusetts is 167, in Michigan is 137, in Minnesota is 82, in Mississippi is 38, in Missouri is 170, in Montana is 10, in Nebraska is 19, in Nevada is 33, in New Hampshire is 16, in New Jersey is 197, in New Mexico is 40, in New York is 418, in North Carolina is 143, in North Dakota is 11, in Ohio is 206, in Oklahoma is 36, in Oregon is 50, in Pennsylvania is 285, in Rhode Island is 27, in South Carolina is 78, in South Dakota is 14, in Tennessee is 104, in Texas is 427, in Utah is 61, in Vermont is 9, in Virginia is 139, in Washington is 94, in West Virginia is 21, in Wisconsin is 100, and in Wyoming is 1.