Pediatric hematology/oncology is the study and treatment of blood disorders and cancer in infants, children and adolescents. A pediatric hematologist-oncologist is a physician who specializes in treating children with chemotherapy, and consults with other physicians to coordinate other methods of cancer treatments. This specialist uses a background of pediatrics, hematology and oncology to recognize and manage pediatric blood disorders and cancerous diseases.

Doctor density varies by specialty and location. Washington, D.C. has 68 practicing pediatric hematologist / oncologist in Washington.

According to 2005 Census estimates, Washington, D.C. has a population of 550,521. Of this population, 110,240 are under the age of 18 and 66,591 are at or above the age of 65.