Urology pertains to diagnosing and treating disorders of the urinary tract or urogenital system. The urinary tract consists of organs and tubes that produce and excrete urine. The urogenital system refers to the organs and functions involved in excretion and reproduction.

Physicians in this specialty treat patients suffering from numerous diseases and illnesses, but some of the most common are Incontinence, Impotency, Sterilization, Sexual Dysfunctions, Kidney stones, Infertility, bladder disorders, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Urinary tract infection, Prostate cancer, Erectile dysfunction (impotence), Prostatitis, Male infertility, Urinary incontinence, Testicular cancer, Bladder cancer, Cystitis, Frequent urination, and Bladder stones.

Once properly diagnosed, practitioners can perform numerous procedures on patients including Seed Implant (Brachtherapy), Circumcision, Vasectomy, Non-Incisional Sterilization, Brachytherapy, Lithotripsy, Kidney Biopsy, Bladder reconstruction, Prostate Biopsy, Nerve-sparing prostatectomy, Kidney Transplantation, Cryosurgical treatment, Robot-assisted nephrectomy and prostatectomy, Retrograde Pyelogram, and Radical perineal prostatectomy.

To diagnose patients with possible illnesses and diseases, specialists will often perform one of many tests including Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Kidney, Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder X-ray, Cystoscopy, Kidney Ultrasound, Uroflowmetry, Cystometry, Kidney Scan, Intravenous Pyelogram, Retrograde Cystography, Renal Venogram, Prostate / Rectal Sonogram, Retrograde Pyelogram, Cystography, Uroscopy, Renal Angiogram, and Antegrade Pyelogram.

Doctor density varies by specialty and location. Illinois has 502 practicing urologists. Broken out by city, urology doctor density in Alton is 4, in Anna is 1, in Aurora is 8, in Barrington is 5, in Belleville is 4, in Berwyn is 4, in Berwyn Heights is 1, in Bloomington is 10, in Blue Island is 12, in Canton is 1, in Carbondale is 2, in Carlinville is 1, in Centralia is 2, in Champaign is 5, in Chester is 1, in Chicago is 158, in Chicago Heights is 1, in Clinton is 1, in Crystal Lake is 7, in Danville is 6, in Decatur is 4, in Dekalb is 4, in Des Plaines is 3, in Dixon is 2, in Effingham is 4, in Elgin is 5, in Elmhurst is 13, in Eureka is 1, in Evanston is 17, in Fairview Heights is 1, in Freeport is 2, in Galena is 1, in Galesburg is 4, in Geneseo is 9, in Geneva is 6, in Granite City is 6, in Greenville is 1, in Harrisburg is 1, in Harvey is 2, in Havana is 1, in Herrin is 3, in Highland is 2, in Highland Park is 6, in Hillsboro is 1, in Jacksonville is 1, in Jerseyville is 1, in Joliet is 11, in Kankakee is 11, in Kewanee is 1, in Lake Forest is 8, in Lincoln is 2, in Litchfield is 1, in Macomb is 1, in Marion is 5, in Martinsville is 2, in Mattoon is 4, in Mchenry is 1, in Melrose Park is 8, in Moline is 12, in Monmouth is 2, in Morris is 4, in Mount Vernon is 3, in Naperville is 16, in Normal is 6, in North Chicago is 1, in Northbrook is 2, in Oakbrook Terrace is 3, in Olney is 1, in Ottawa is 3, in Palos Heights is 7, in Pana is 1, in Park City is 1, in Park Ridge is 59, in Pekin is 11, in Peoria is 17, in Peru is 3, in Pontiac is 2, in Quincy is 5, in Rock Falls is 1, in Rockford is 9, in Salem is 1, in Sandwich is 3, in Shelbyville is 1, in Silvis is 3, in Sparta is 1, in Spring Valley is 3, in Springfield is 26, in Staunton is 1, in Sterling is 1, in Streator is 2, in Sycamore is 1, in Taylorville is 3, in Urbana is 7, in Vandalia is 2, in Washington is 1, in Waterloo is 1, in Wheaton is 8, in Winfield is 9, in Woodstock is 3, and in Yorkville is 1.

Most people think that Chicago, because of its size and popularity, is Illinois’ capital city, but that distinction belongs to Springfield, home of the Abraham Lincoln Museum. Illinois has hundreds of museums, numerous yearly art and ethnic festivals, a lakeshore bordering Lake Michigan, and the many national forests and parks that offers visitors camping, horseback riding, biking, kayaking, and fishing. Chicago is home to the Sears Tower, the Shedd Aquarium, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Adler Planetarium, the Museum of Science and Industry, and other cultural opportunities and restaurants in the Navy Pier area.

According to 2005 Census estimates, Illinois has a population of 12,763,371. Of this population, 3,172,677 are under the age of 18 and 1,523,937 are at or above the age of 65.